This resource provides guidance on how to cite print sources using American Medical Association (AMA) Style, 11th Ed.

References to Print Journals

All references to print journals should include the following elements:

• Author’s surnames and initials
• Title of article and subtitle (as applicable)
• Abbreviated name of journal
• Year
• Volume number
• Issue number
• Part or supplement number, when pertinent
• Inclusive page numbers

Names of journals are abbreviated and italicized (Medical Education becomes Med Educ as in example 3 below - see the List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus). Do not omit digits from inclusive page numbers. The year of the publication is followed by a semicolon; the volume number and the issue number (in parentheses) are followed by a colon; the initial page number, a hyphen, and the final page number, followed by a period, are set without spaces.

Materials with Named Authors and Group Name

References may occur to material that is prepared by a committee or other group. The following forms should be used under such conditions:

References to Print Books

All references to print books should include the following elements:

1. Authors’ surnames and first and middle initials (Provide names of all authors unless there are more than 6, at which point you should include the first 3 followed by “et al.”)
2. Chapter title (when cited)
3. Surname and first and middle initials of book authors or editors (or translators, if any) (Editors should be indicated by “ed.”, or “eds.” if more than one, and translators by “trans.”)
4. Title of book and subtitle, if any
5. Volume number and volume title, when there is more than one volume
6. Edition number (do not indicate first editions)
7. Name of publisher
8. Year of copyright
9. Page numbers, when specific pages are cited

When referring to an entire book, not pages or specific sections, use the following format:

References should include the last name and first and middle initials of the author(s), italicized title case format for all titles (capitalize all words except prepositions such as of, between, through), articles (such as a, the, and an), and conjunctions (such as but, and, or; however, capitalize them if they begin the title or the subtitle) the city and state of publication, the publisher, and the year of publication/creation.

Lastname FirstMiddle initial, ed/trans. Book Title in Title Case. Publisher; Year of publication.

References to Book Chapters

Chapters from books should be capitalized in the same format as journal articles (sentence case format) and should not use quotation marks. Additionally, inclusive page numbers for the each chapter should be provided.

The title of the book, however, should be title cased and italicized, following the print book format.

A colon should follow the publication date and no space should be provided between the colon or the page number(s) and hyphen.

Lastname FirstMiddle initials. Article title in sentence case. In: Lastname FirstMiddle initial, ed/trans. Book Title in Title Case. Publisher; Year of publication:page range.

Editors and Translators

Names of editors, translators, translator-editors, or executive, consulting, and section editors are given as follows:

Volume Number

If the work cited includes more than 1 volume, use Arabic numerals for volume numbers, even in cases where the publisher used Roman numerals.

Edition Number

As with the volume number, use Arabic numerals to indicate an edition, even if the publisher has used Roman numerals, but do not indicate a first edition. If a subsequent edition is cited, the number should be given. Abbreviate “New revised edition” as “New rev ed”; “Revised edition” as “Rev ed; “American edition” as “American ed”; and British edition” as “British ed.”

Government or Agency Bulletins

References to bulletins published by departments or agencies of a government should include the following information, in the order indicated:

1. Name of author (if given)
2. Title of bulletin
3. Name of issuing bureau, agency, department, or other governmental division (note that in this position, Department should be abbreviated Dept; also note that if an author supplies US Government Printing Office as the publisher, it would be preferable to obtain the name of the issuing bureau, agency, or department, if possible)
4. Date of publication
5. Page numbers, if specified
6. Publication number, if any
7. Series number if given
8. Online accessed date (if applicable)
9. Web address (if applicable)

Theses and Dissertations

Italicize the titles of theses and dissertations. After the title, indicate whether the document was a master’s thesis or dissertation. References to theses should include the location of the university (or other institution) and year of completion. If the thesis or dissertation has been published, it should be treated as any other book reference.

Package Inserts

Package inserts (the printed material about the use and effects of the product contained in the package) may be cited as follows: