Add introductory commas where they are needed in the following sentences. Can you identify whether the introductory element, if any, is a clause, phrase, or word? If it is a phrase, what kind of phrase is it? Correct answers are in bold.

   P    1. To give Jane a good look at the university, Mr. Benson drove up for the Day on Campus.

introductory infinitive phrase

   C    2. Since the dog had started to run, a way to catch him had to be found.

introductory clause

   P    3. Of course, the movie that I had rushed to see didn't start on time.

introductory prepositional phrase

   N    4. Her secondhand car was in excellent condition when she bought it.

no introductory element

   C    5. As I mentioned, the rules can be broken occasionally.

introductory clause

   P    6. Having decided to eat only natural foods, he had to give up all of his favorite junk food snacks.

introductory participial phrase

   P    7. To estimate the costs, he consulted a repairman by phone.

introductory infinitive phrase

   N    8. To succeed in politics is not necessarily desirable.

no introductory element (The infinitive phrase is the subject of the sentence.)

   P    9. Making up his mind quickly, Jared ordered lasagna while we were still reading the menu.

introductory participial phrase

   C    10. However he tried to use the bottle opener, it wouldn't work.

introductory clause (However is not a transitional word here but the first word of an introductory clause.)